[12:52, 8/6/2015] Rakesh~я┐╜я┐╜я┐╜я┐╜я┐╜я┐╜: [23:51, 8/5/2015] Nitun Singh: Important Portals & their Founders:
1. Google тАФ Larry Page & Sergey Brin
2. FacebookтАФ Mark Zuckerberg
3. YahooтАФ David Filo & Jerry Yang
4. TwitterтАФ Jack Dorsey & Dick Costolo
5. InternetтАФ Tim Berners Lee
6. LinkdinтАФ Reid Hoffman, Allen Blue& Koonstantin Guericke
6. Like Kin India Page to Get information everyday.
7. EmailтАФ Shiva Ayyadurai
8. GtalkтАФ Richard Wah kan
9. Whats up тАФ Laurel Kirtz
10. HotmailтАФ Sabeer Bhatia
11. OrkutтАФ Buyukkokten
12. WikipediaтАФ Jimmy Wales
13. You tubeтАФ Steve Chen, Chad Hurley & JawedKarim
14. RediffmailтАФ Ajit Balakrishnan
15. NimbuzzтАФ Martin Smink & Evert Jaap Lugt
16. MyspaceтАФ Chris Dewolfe & Tom Anderson
17. Ibibo тАФ Ashish Kashyap
18. OLXтАФ Alec Oxenford & Fabrice Grinda
19. SkypeтАФ Niklas Zennstrom,Janus Friis & Reid Hoffman
20. OperaтАФ Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner & Geir lvarsoy
21. Mozilla FirefoxтАФ Dave Hyatt & Blake Ross
22. BloggerтАФ Evan Willam Belli
[23:54, 8/5/2015] Nitun Singh: Do you know... always
1 Bit = Binary Digit
8 Bits = 1 Byte
1024 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte
1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte
1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte
1024 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte
1024 Terabytes = 1 Petabyte
1024 Petabytes = 1 Exabyte
1024 Exabytes = 1 Zettabyte
1024 Zettabytes = 1 Yottabyte
1024Yottabytes = 1 Brontobyte
1024 Brontobytes = 1 Geopbyte
1024 Geopbyte=1 Saganbyte
1024 Saganbyte=1 Pijabyte
Alphabyte = 1024 Pijabyte
Kryatbyte = 1024 Alphabyte
Amosbyte = 1024 Kryatbyte
Pectrolbyte = 1024 Amosbyte
Bolgerbyte = 1024 Pectrolbyte
Sambobyte = 1024 Bolgerbyte
Quesabyte = 1024 Sambobyte
Kinsabyte = 1024 Quesabyte
Rutherbyte = 1024 Kinsabyte
Dubnibyte = 1024 Rutherbyte
Seaborgbyte = 1024 Dubnibyte
Bohrbyte = 1024 Seaborgbyte
Hassiubyte = 1024 Bohrbyte
Meitnerbyte = 1024 Hassiubyte
Darmstadbyte = 1024 Meitnerbyte
Roentbyte = 1024 Darmstadbyte
Coperbyte = 1024 Roentbyte
[07:27, 8/6/2015] Theist: Bounced Cheque: when the bank has not enough funds in the relevant account or the account holder requests that the cheque is bounced (under exceptional circumstances) then the bank will return the cheque to the account holder.
Bank Rate: This is the rate at which central bank (RBI) lends money to other banks or financial institutions. If the bank rate goes up, long-term interest rates also tend to move up, and vice-versa.
OR
BANK RATE: is the rate of interest which is charged by RBI on its advances to commercial banks. When reserve bank desires to restrict expansion of credit it raises the bank rate there by making the credit costlier to commercial bank.
Current Accounts: These accounts are maintained by the corporate clients that may be operated any number of times in a day. There is a maintenance charge for the current accounts for which the holders enjoy facilities of easy handling, overdraft facility etc.
Cheque Book: A small, bound booklet of cheques. A cheque is a piece of paper produced by your bank with your account number, sort-code and cheque number printed on it. The account number distinguishes your account from other accounts; the sort-code is your bank's special code which distinguishes it from any other bank.
Cheque Clearing: This is the process of getting the money from the cheque-writer's account into the cheque receiver's account.
Clearing Bank: This is a bank that can clear funds between banks. For general purposes, this is any institution which we know of as a bank or as a provider of banking services.
Credit Rating: This is the rating which an individual (or company) gets from the credit industry. This is obtained by the individual's credit history, the details of which are available from specialist organisations like CRISIL in India.
Credit-Worthiness: This is the judgement of an organization which is assessing whether or not to take a particular individual on as a customer. An individual might be considered credit-worthy by one organisation but not by another. Much depends on whether an organization is involved with high risk customers or not.
Credit Card: A credit card is one of the systems of payments named after the small plastic card issued to users of the system. It is a card entitling its holder to buy goods and services based on the holder's promise to pay for these goods and services.
CRR: Cash reserve Ratio (CRR) is the amount of funds that the banks have to keep with RBI. If RBI decides to increase the percent of this, the available amount with the banks comes down. RBI is using this method (increase of CRR rate), to drain out the excessive money from the banks.
CASH RESERVE RATIO: specifies the percentage of their total deposits the commercial bank must keep with central bank or RBI. Higher the CRR lower will be the capacity of bank to create credit.
Demand Deposit: A Demand deposit is the one which can be withdrawn at any time, without any notice or penalty; e.g. money deposited in a checking account or savings account in a bank.
Debit Card: Debit card allows for direct withdrawal of funds from customers bank accounts. The spending limit is determined by the available balance in the account.
Fixed Deposits: FDs are the deposits that are repayable on fixed maturity date along with the principal and agreed interest rate for the period. Banks pay higher interest rates on FDs than the savings bank account.
FCNR Accounts: Foreign Currency Non-Resident accounts are the ones that are maintained by the NRIs in foreign currencies like USD, DM, and GBP etc. The account is a term deposit with interest rates linked to the international rates of interest of the respective currencies.
Interest: The amount paid or charged on money over time. If you borrow money interest will be charged on the loan. If you invest money, interest will be paid (where appropriate to the investment).
Overdraft: This is when a person has a minus figure in their account. It can be authorized (agreed to in advance or retrospect) or unauthorized (where the bank has not agreed to the overdraft either because the account holder represents too great a risk to lend to in this way or because the account holder has not asked for an overdraft facility).
Internet Banking: Online banking (or Internet banking) allows customers to conduct financial transactions on a secure website operated by the bank.
Loan: A loan is a type of debt. In a loan, the borrower initially receives or borrows an amount of money, called the principal, from the lender, and is obligated to pay back or repay an equal amount of money to the lender at a later time. There are different kinds of loan such as the house loan, auto loan etc.
NRE Accounts: Non-Resident External accounts are the ones in which NRIs remit money in any permitted foreign currency and the remittance is converted to Indian rupees for credit to NRE accounts. The accounts can be in the form of current, saving, FDs, recurring deposits. The interest rates and other terms of these accounts are as per the RBI directives.
OVERDRAFT: It is the loan facility on customer current account at a bank permitting him to overdraw up to a certain agreed limit for a agreed period ,interest is payable only on the amount of loan taken up.
Payee: The person who receives a payment. This often applies to cheques. If you receive a cheque you are the payee and the person or company who wrote the cheque is the payer.
Payer: The person who makes a payment. This often applies to cheques. If you write a cheque you are the payer and the recipient of the cheque is the payee.
PRIME LENDING RATE: It is the rate at which commercial banks give loan to its prime customers.
RBI: The Reserve Bank of India is the apex bank of the country, which was constituted under the RBI Act, 1934 to regulate the other banks, issue of bank notes and maintenance of reserves with a view to securing the monetary stability in India.
REPO RATE: Under repo transaction the borrower places with the lender certain acceptable securities against funds received and agree to reverse this transaction on a predetermined future date at agreed interest cost. Repo rate is also called (repurchase agreement or repurchase option).
REVERSE REPO RATE: is the interest rate earned by the bank for lending money tothe RBI in exchange of govt. securities or "lender buys securities with agreement to sell them back at a predetermined rate".
Recurring Deposits: These are also called cumulative deposits and in recurring deposit accounts, a certain amounts of savings are required to be compulsorily deposited at specific intervals for a specified period.
Savings Account: Savings account is an account generally maintained by retail customers that deposit money (i.e. their savings) and can withdraw them whenever they need. Funds in these accounts are subjected to low rates of interest.
Security for Loans: Where large loans are required the lending institution often needs to have a guarantee that the loan will be paid back. This takes the form of a large item of capital outlay (typically a house) which is owned or partly owned and the amount owned is at least equivalent to the loan required.
SLR: SLR stands for Statutory Liquidity Ratio. This term is used by bankers and indicates the minimum percentage of deposits that the bank has to maintain in form of gold, cash or other approved securities. Thus, we can say that it is ratio of cash and some other approved to liabilities (deposits). It regulates the credit growth in India.
OR
SLR: known as Statutorily Liquidity Ratio. Each bank is required statutorily maintain a prescribed minimum proportion of its demand and time liabilities in the form of designated liquid asset.
OR
"Every bank has to maintain a percentage of its demand and time liabilities by way of cash, gold etc".
Time Deposit: Time deposit is a money deposit at a banking institution that cannot be withdrawn for a certain "term" or period of time. When the term is over it can be withdrawn or it can be held for another term.
[08:49, 8/6/2015] Theist: 150 Important Banking Awareness Questions :
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''
1. MICR code consists of how many digits?
Ans: 9 digits.
(First three digits denotes city, next three digits
representing the bank and the last three digits
representing the bank branch)
2. What is the minimum limit in RTGS system?
Ans: 2 lakhs (there is no upper limit in RTGS)
3. What is full form of CTS?
Ans: Cheque Truncation System
4. Under which service, customers may access
their bank account and perform basic
transactions from any of the member branch
offices.
Ans: Core Banking Solution (CBS)
5. Exchange of cash flow in different currency is
known as:
Ans: Currency Swap
6. Assets or loans which stop performing after 90
days is known as:
Ans: Non Performing Asset (NPA)
7. Who controls the Monetary Policy in India?
Ans: RBI (Reserve Bank of India) 8. Which card is
issued by NPCI (National Payments Corporation
of India)?
Ans: RuPay Card
9. Definition of Current Account deficit:
Ans: A measurement of a country's trade in which
the value of goods and services it imports
exceeds the value of goods and services it
exports.
10. Full form IFSC тАУ
Ans: Indian Financial System Code
11. Commercial paper can be issued for a
maximum period of:
Ans: 365 days or 1 year.
12. The Mutual funds in India follow accounting
standards laid by:
Ans: SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of
India)
13. Minimum amount for Certificate of Deposit
has been fixed at:
Ans: Rs. 1 Lakh
14. AML is a term mainly used in the financial
and legal industries. Expand the term AML:
Ans: Anti Money Laundering
15. PIN is a number allocated to an individual and
used to validate electronic transactions. Expand
PIN:
Ans: Personal Identification Number
16. What is Repo rate?
Ans: It is the rate is the rate at which RBI lends
money to the commercial banks.
17. What is Stale Cheque?
Ans: A cheque which is presented to a bank after
3 months from date of issue is considered as
stale cheque and will often not be honored for
cash or deposit at a bank.
18. What is Bancassurance?
Ans: The selling of life assurance and other
insurance products and services by banking
institutions.
19. The objective of KYC guidelines is to prevent
banks from being used, intentionally or
unintentionally, by criminal elements for money
laundering or terrorist financing activities. What is
the full form of KYC?
Ans: Know Your Customer (KYC)
20. Know Your Customer (KYC) guidelines are
issued under:
Ans: Section 35A of the Banking Regulation Act,
1949
21. In BSBDA (Basic Savings Bank Deposit
Account) the credits in a financial year does not
exceed rupees:
Ans: Rs. 1 lakh
22. In BSBDA (Basic Savings Bank Deposit
Account) the balance at any point of time does
not exceed rupees:
Ans: Rs. 50,000
23. In BSBDA (Basic Savings Bank Deposit
Account) the withdrawals and transfers in a
month does not exceed rupees:
Ans: Rs. 10,000
24. At which rate RBI give loans to commercial
banks?
Ans: Repo rate
25. Full form of CASA:
Ans: Current Account Saving Account
26. In what denominations Commercial Paper
(CP) can be issued?
Ans: Rs. 5 lakh
27. What is the minimum denomination of
Treasury bills to issue in India?
Ans: Rs. 25,000
28. Who cannot issue Certificate of Deposit (CD)?
Ans: Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) and Local Area
Banks (LABs)
29. Expand ASBA:
Ans: Application Supported by Blocked Amount
30. Depositor Education and Awareness Fund
(DEAF) is maintained with:
Ans: RBI
31. Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) is the amount of
funds that the banks have to keep with:
Ans: Central Bank (RBI)
32. What is the maximum amount per transaction
NEFT limit for cash-based remittances to Nepal?
Ans: Rs. 50,000
33. What does CAR stands for?
Ans: Capital Adequacy Ratio
34. IFSC code consists of _____ alpha numeric
code.
Ans: 11 digits
(The IFSC is an 11 digit alpha numeric code, with
the first four digits identifying the bank, fifth is
numeric (kept 0) and the last six digits represent
the bank branch.)
35. When money is lent or borrowed for one day
or on overnight basis it is known as:
Ans: Call Money
36. When money is lent or borrowed for between
2 days and 14 days it is known as:
Ans: Notice money
37. When money is lent or borrowed for a period
of more than 14 days, it is known as:
Ans: Term money
38. Treasury Bills and Certificate of Deposit are
considered as the ____instruments.
Ans: negotiable money market
39. Commercial Paper (CP) is an unsecured
money market instrument issued in the form of a
_____.
Ans: Promissory note.
40. What is the upper limit in Public Provident
Fund (PPF)?
Ans: Rs. 1.5 lakhs
41. As per RBI guidelines, with effect from April 1,
2012, the validity period of Cheques, Demand
Drafts, Pay Orders and Banker's Cheques is _____
.
Ans: 3 months
42. What is the time limit for an asset or loan to
be declared as Non-Performing Asset?
Ans: 90 days
43. Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee
Corporation (DICGC) does not cover:
Ans: Primary co-operative societies
44. RBI measure to liquidate the market:
Ans: Repo rate.
45. Full form of EFT:
Ans: Electronic Fund Transfer
46. Fastest mode of transaction:
Ans: RTGS
47. Alphanumeric code on cheque is known as:
Ans: Indian Financial System Code (IFSC)
48. Bank pays interest on savings account?
Ans: Daily Basis
49. What is the loan limit for education under
priority sector for studies abroad?
Ans: Rs. 20 lakh
(Loans to individuals for educational purposes
including vocational courses upto Rs.10 lakh for
studies in India and Rs. 20 lakh for studies
abroad are included under priority sector.)
50. RuPay Card is an Indian version of credit/
debit card is launched by which organization:
Ans: NPCI (National Payments Corporation of
India)
51. Fixed Deposit (FD)Account may be opened for
a minimum period of:
Ans: 7 days
52. What is the minimum amount required to
open a Fixed Deposit (FD)?
Ans: Rs.1000
53. The Banks has converted all тАШno - frills'
accountsтАЩ into:
Ans: Basic Savings Bank Deposit Accounts
54. 'Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana' is a
Scheme for:
Ans: Financial inclusion
55. How much overdraft facility to be provided in
'Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana' scheme?
Ans: Rs. 5,000
56. In CBS, C stands for:
Ans: Core
57. In CRAR, A stands for:
Ans: Assets (Capital to Risk Weighted Assets
Ratio)
58. IMPS - Immediate Payment Service is an
interbank electronic instant mobile money transfer
service through mobile phones in India, the facility
is provided by:
Ans: NPCI (National Payment Corporation of
India)
59. The Central Bank of India has adopted new
measure of inflation:
Ans: Consumer Price Index (CPI)
60. When a cheque is torn into two or more
pieces and presented for payment, such a cheque
is called:
Ans: mutilated cheque
61. How much fee charged to file a complaint
under Banking Ombudsman? Ans: Banking
Ombudsman does not charge any fee
62. Who is the appellate authority in Banking
Ombusdsman?
Ans Deputy Governor of RBI 63. If any customer is
not satisfied by the decision of Banking
Ombudsman, customer can appeal against the
award before the appellate authority within how
many days from the date of receipt?
Ans 30 days
64. ATMs or Cash Dispensing machine which are
owned and operated by Non-Banking Financial
Companies are called:
Ans: White Label ATMs.
65. RBI gave in-principle for Banking license to:
Ans: IDFC and Bandhan
66. Minimum capital requirement for new banks in
private sector is:
Ans: Rs. 500 crore
67. A Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) is
a company registered under the:
Ans: Companies Act, 1956
68. Minimum capital requirement for Non-Banking
Financial Company (NBFC) is:
Ans: Rs. 500 crore
69. The NBFCs are allowed to accept/renew
public deposits for a minimum period of:
Ans: 12 months ( and maximum period of 60
months)
70. A NBFCs cannot offer interest rates higher
than the ceiling rate prescribed by RBI? What is
the present ceiling?
Ans: 12.5 per cent per annum
71. Minimum capital requirement for Foreign
banks that want to set up operations in India is:
Ans: Rs. 500 crore
72. What is the minimum paid-up capital
requirement of both small banks and payments
banks in India?
Ans: Rs. 100 crore
73. RBI extended the timeline for full
implementation of Basel III norms till:
Ans: 31 March 2019
74. SLR ((Statutory Liquidity Ratio)is the amount
a commercial banks needs to maintain in the
form of _______before providing credit to its
customers.
Ans: cash, or gold, or govt. approved securities
(Bonds)
75. _______ is the rate at which banks borrow
funds overnight from the Reserve Bank of India
(RBI) against approved government securities.
Ans: Marginal Standing Facility (MSF)
76. Who issues Treasury bills (T-bills) in India?
Ans: Government of India
77. Treasury bills are available for a minimum
amount of:
Ans: Rs. 25,000
78. Minimum & Maximum Limit of NEFT:
Ans: no limit
79. What is the rate of interest rate on provident
fund for the current fiscal?
Ans: 8.75%
80. Govt. to implement GST (Goods & Services
Tax) new indirect tax regime from:
Ans: 1st April 2016
81. RBI extends deadline for exchanging pre-2005
currency from June 30, 2015 to
Ans: December 31, 2015
82. How much amount RBI allows in 'Tap and
pay' transactions without PIN?
Ans: Rs. 2000
83. RBI lifted a ban on carrying Indian bank notes
of Rs 1,000 and Rs. 500 denominations to and
from:
Ans: Nepal and Bhutan
84. C stands for in "KYC":
Ans: Customer
85. Pension scheme for unorganized sector:
Ans: Swavalamban
86. Full form of REIT:
Ans: Real State Investment Trust
87. Forward Market Commission merge with:
Ans: SEBI
88. Purpose of starting Minor account for 10
years children:
Ans: Financial inclusion
89. Full form of CVV:
Ans: Card Verification Value
90. Bank of International Settlement headquarter:
Ans: Switzerland
91. Who appoints Banking Ombudsman officer?
Ans: RBI
92. IFRS full form:
Ans: International Financial Reporting Standards.
93. Corporate Social Responsibility committee
headed is by Ans: Anil Baijal
94. Which is the Regulatory body for RRBs?
Ans: NABARD
95. RBI policy related to money laundering?
Ans: Know Your Customer
96. Mutual funds regulated by:
Ans: SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of
India)
97. What is the full form of MTSS?
Ans: Money Transfer Service scheme
98. How much amount of money can RBI lend to
a bank?
Ans: 2% of NDTL
99. What RBI does to Increase its Monetary
Base?
Ans: OMO Open Market Operations
100. Which rate does RBI Reduces to Increase
liquidity in market?
Ans: Repo Rate
101. After completion of 15 years, Public
Provident Fund (PPF) can be extended up to how
many years?
Ans: 5 years
102. Short term Money lending process is known
as:
Ans: Call Money
103. Treasury bill tenure:
Ans: 91 days, 182 days, 364 days
104. Minimum limit for medium scale enterprises
is Rs. 5 Cr. what is maximum limit?
Ans: 10 Cr.
105. Prime Lending Rate is replaced by:
Ans: Base rate
106. Banks cannot grant Loan below which rate:
Ans: Base Rate
107. If RBI reduces CRR, what happens:
Ans: Credit Supply increases, loans get cheaper.
108. Name the scheme to include every people
under banking system:
Ans: Financial Inclusion
109. Special Drawing Right (SDR) is a monetary
unit of:
Ans: IMF
110. Cheque which is not crossed is called:
Ans: Open cheque
111. Teaser rates are related to which type of
loans:
Ans: Home loans
112. What is Teaser loan?
Ans: If a bank offers a slightly lower rate in the
initial years and higher rate in later years, it is
called a teaser loan.
113. The RBI policy rate which is purely an
indicative rate used by RBI to signal long тАУ term
outlook on interest rates is:
Ans: Bank rate
114. The term тАШpre тАУ shipmentтАЩ finance relates to:
Ans: export credit
115. A receipt listed in India and traded in rupees
declaring ownership of shares of a foreign
company:
Ans: Indian Depository Receipt (IDR)
116. With effect from July 2012, for calculating of
lending rates, the RBI has advised banks to
switch over to the:
Ans: Base Rate systems
117. Mobile banking fund transfer limit in a day:
Ans: Rs. 50,000
118. The seed capital of Bhartiya Mahila Bank is:
Ans: Rs.1000 crore
119. тАЬLender of the Last ResortтАЭ by Banks is
known as:
Ans: RBI
120. тАЬFixed depositтАЭ is also referred to as:
Ans: Term Deposit
121. The holidays for the banks are declared as
per:
Ans: Negotiable Instruments Act
122. In banking business, when the borrowers
avail a term Loan, initially they are given a
repayment holiday and this is referred as:
Ans: Moratorium
123. Regulator of Micro, Small and Medium
enterprises in India:
Ans: SIDBI (Small Industries Development Bank of
India)
124. A worldwide financial messaging network
which exchanges between banks and financial
institutions is known as:
Ans: Structured Financial Messaging System
(SFMS)
125. The term тАЬSmart MoneyтАЭ refers to:
Ans: Credits Card
126. The maximum deposit amount insured by
DICGC?
Ans: Rs. 1 lakh per depositors across all banks
127. With reference to a cheque which is the
тАШdrawee bankтАЩ?
Ans: The bank upon which the cheque is drawn
128. In which of the following fund transfer
mechanisms, can funds be moved from one bank
to another and where the transaction is settled
instantly without being bunched with any other
transaction?
Ans: RTGS
129. Bad advances of a Bank are called:
Ans: Non тАУ performing Asset
130. By increasing repo rate, the economy may
observe the following effects:
Ans: rate of interest on loans and advances will
be costlier
131. Increased interest rates, as is existing in the
economy at present will:
Ans: mean higher cost of raw materials
132. The sole authority to issue and manage
currency in India:
Ans: RBI
133. In India, one- rupee coins are issued by:
Ans: Govt. of India
134. Fixed deposits and recurring deposits are:
Ans: repayable after an agreed period
135. When a bank returns a cheque unpaid, it is
called:
Ans: dishonour of the cheque
136. What is тАШDemat AccountsтАЩ?
Ans: Accounts in which shares of various
companies are traded in electronic form
137. When the rate of inflation increases:
Ans: purchasing power of money decreases
138. Banks in India are regulated under:
Ans: Banking Regulation Act, 1949
139. Banking sector falls under which of the
following sectors?
Ans: Service Sector
140. ASBA scheme is related to the purchase of:
Ans: IPO
141. In a bank, which of the following are the
usual types of accounts?
Ans: Current accounts, Savings bank accounts
and Term deposit accounts
142. The most powerful tool used by the Reserve
Bank of India to control inflation is to:
Ans: raise interest rates
143. NEFT and RTGS in banking terminology
speak of:
Ans: electronic fund transfer from bank to bank
144. The ownership of public sector banks rests:
Ans: jointly with the Government of India and the
shareholders from the public
145. If a cheque is postdated, the bank on which
it is drawn:
Ans: will not honour the cheque before the date of
the cheque
146. Regulator of Capital Market in India:
Ans: SEBI
147. First Indian Bank to introduce credit card:
Ans: Central Bank of India
148. RBI nationalized in:
Ans: 1949
149. Loans of very small amounts given to low
income groups is called:
Ans: Micro Credit
150. RBI established in:
Ans: 1935.
[08:59, 8/6/2015] Summet: Oscar Awards 2015 Complete List of
Winners
==============================
=====
тШЕ Best Picture : тЖТ Birdman
тШЕ Best Actress : тЖТ Julianne Moore
(Still Alice)
тШЕ Best Actor : тЖТ Eddie Redmayne
(The Theory of Everything)
тШЕ Best Director : тЖТ Alejandro
Gonz├бlez I├▒├бrritu (Birdman)
тШЕ Adapted Screenplay : тЖТ Graham
Moore (The Imitation Game)
тШЕ Original Screenplay : тЖТ Alejandro
Gonz├бlez I├▒├бrritu, Nicol├бs Giacobone,
Alexander Dinelaris, Armando Bo
(Birdman)
тШЕ Best Original Score: тЖТ Alexandre
Desplat (The Grand Budapest Hotel)
тШЕ Best Original Song: тЖТ тАШGloryтАЩ from
Selma | Lonnie Lynn (Common), John
Stephens (John Legend)
тШЕ Best Documentary Feature: тЖТ
Citizenfour (Laura Poitras, Mathilde
Bonnefoy, Dirk Wilutzky)
тШЕ Achievement in Film Editing: тЖТ
Whiplash (Tom Cross)
тШЕ Achievement in Cinematography: тЖТ
Birdman (Emmanuel Lubezki)
тШЕ Best Production Design: тЖТ The
Grand Budapest Hotel (Adam
Stockhausen, Anna Pinnock)
тШЕ Best Animated Feature Film: тЖТ Big
Hero 6
тШЕ Best Animated Short Film: тЖТ Feast
(Patrick Osborne, Kristina Reed)
тШЕ Achievement in Visual Effects: тЖТ
Interstellar (Paul J Franklin, Andrew
Lockley, Ian Hunter, Scott R Fisher)
тШЕ Best Supporting Actress: тЖТ Patricia
Arquette (Boyhood)
тШЕ Best Supporting Actor: тЖТ JK
Simmons (Whiplash)
тШЕ Achievement in Sound Editing: тЖТ
American Sniper (Alan Robert Murray,
Bub Asman)
тШЕ Achievement in Sound Mixing: тЖТ
Whiplash (Craig Mann, Ben Wilkins,
Thomas Curley)
тШЕ Best Documentary Short Subject : тЖТ
Crisis
тШЕ Hotline: тЖТ Veterans Press 1 (Ellen
Goosenberg Kent, Dana Perry)
тШЕ Best Live-Action Short Film: тЖТ The
Phone Call (Mat Kirkby, James Lucas)
тШЕ Best foreign-language film: тЖТ Ida
(Pawe┼В Pawlikowski)
тШЕ Achievement in Makeup and
Hairstyling: тЖТ The Grand Budapest
Hotel (Frances Hannon, Mark Coulier)
тШЕ Achievement in Costume Design: тЖТ
The Grand Budapest Hotel (Milena
Canonero) The Grand Budapest Hotel
(Milena Canonero) The Grand
Budapest Hotel (Milena Canonero)
[09:01, 8/6/2015] Summet: General Knowledge questions from
Indian Geography, Rivers and
Mountains
1. Guwahati is situated on the banks
of river?
(A) Brahmaputra
(B) Ganga
(C) Yammuna
(D) Godavari
2. The Gulf of Mannar is situated along
the coast which state in India?
(A) Karnatka
(B) Kerala
(C) Andhra Pradesh
(D)Tamil Nadu
3. The city of Nasik is situated on the
banks of which river in India?
(A) Krishna
(B) Godavari
(C) Koshi
(D) Yammuna
4. Which one of the following pairs is
correctly matchedтАФ
(A) Haldia : Orissa
(B) Jamnagar : Maharashtra
(C) Numaligarh : Gujarat
(D) Panangudi : Tamil Nadu
5. Which one of the following rivers
originates near Mahabaleshwar ?
(A) Godavari
(B) Krishna
(C) Kaveri
(D) Tapi
6. With reference to the climate of
India, the western disturbances
originate over which one of the
following ?
(A) Arabian Sea
(B) Baltic Sea
(C) Caspian Sea
(D) Mediterranean Sea
7. In which one of the following states
is the Nanga Parbat peak located ?
(A) Sikkim
(B) Himachal Pradesh
(C) Jammu and Kashmir
(D) Uttarakhand
8. In India, which of the following are
the Southernmost hills ?
(A) Anaimalai hills
(B) Cardamom hills
(C) Nilgiri hills
(D) Javacli hills
9. Where are the coal reserves of
India largely concentrated ?
(A) Son valley
(B) Mahanadi valley
(C) Damodar valley
(D) Godavari valley
10. Which of the following Indian
island lies between India and Sri
Lanka ?
(A) Elephanta
(B) Nicobar
(C) Rameshwaram
(D) Salsette
11. In which state do the Mansoon
arrives first ?
(A) Assam
(B) West Bengal
(C) Maharashtra
(D) Kerala
12. How many islands are there in the
group of Lakshadweep?
(A) 36
(B) 30
(c) 35
(D) 34
13. Which one of the following areas
of India does not come under the
zone of high seismic intensity ?
(A) Uttarakhand
(B) Karnataka Plateau
(C) Kachchh
(D) Himachal Pradesh
14. Between which ranges does the
Kashmir valley in the Himlayas lie ?
(A) Siwalik and Pir Panjal
(B) Pirpanjal and Dhauladhar
(C) Zanskar and Pir Panjal
(D) Dhauladhar and Zanskar
15. Indravati is a tributary of which
river ?
(A) Ganga
(B) Godavari
(C) Krishna
(D) Mahanadi
16. Which one of the following Indian
rivers forms an estuary ?
(A) Godavari
(B) Kaveri
(C) Tapi
(D) Mahanadi
17. Where is Thattekad Bird Sanctuary
located ?
(A) Kerala
(B) Tamil Nadu
(C) Karnataka
(D) Andhra Pradesh
18. In which one of the following
states of India is the Pamayangtse
Monastery situated ?
(A) Nagaland
(B) Himachal Pradesh
(C) Sikkim
(D) Arunachal Pradesh
19. Assertion (A) : The Gangatic plains
are among the most beautiful
agricultural areas of the world.
Reason (R) : The Gangetic plains
contain predominatly regur soil.
Codes :
(A) Both A and R are individually true
and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are individually true
but R is not the correct explaination
of A
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false but R is true
20. The main streams of river Ganga
which flows beyond Farakka is known
as?
(A) Bhagirathi
(B) Padma
(C) Hooghly
(D) Suvarna Rekha
21. The length of the Indian coast line
isтАФ
(A) 5000 km
(B) 5500 km
(C) 7516┬╖6 km
(D) 5800 km
22. How many National waterways are
there in India ?
(A) 3
(B) 5
(C) 7
(D) 9
23. In the Uttar Pradesh and Madhya
Pradesh states, the joint "Rajghat River
Valley Project" is launched onтАФ
(A) Ken River
(B) Son River
(C) Chambal River
(D) Betwa River
24. Which of the following rivers have
almost the same point of emerging ?
(A) Brahmaputra and Ganga
(B) Tapi and Beas
(C) Brahmaputra and Indus
(D) Indus and Ganga
25. In which state of India is the
maximum area irrigated by tube
wells ?
(A) Madhya Pradesh
(B) Bihar
(C) Rajasthan
(D) Uttar Pradesh
1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (B) 4. (D) 5. (B)
6. (A) 7. (C) 8. (B) 9. (C) 10. (C)
11. (D) 12. (A) 13. (B) 14. (C) 15. (B) 16. (C) 17. (A) 18. (C) 19. (C) 20. (B)
21. (C) 22. (D) 23. (D) 24. (C) 25. (D)
[09:01, 8/6/2015] Summet: iNVENTIONS
-------------
1.Who invented the BALLPOINT PEN?
A.Biro Brothers
B.Waterman Brothers
C.Bicc Brothers
D.Write Brothers
2.In which decade was the first solid state integrated circuit demonstrated?
A. 1950s B. 1960s
C. 1970s D. 1980s
3.What J. B. Dunlop invented?
A. Pneumatic rubber tire
B. Automobile wheel rim
C. Rubber boot
D. Model airplanes
4. Which scientist discovered the radioactive element radium?
A. Isaac Newton
B. Albert Einstein
C. Benjamin Franklin
D. Marie Curie
5. When was barb wire patented?
A. 1874 B. 1840
C. 1895 D. 1900
6. What is the name of the CalTech seismologist who invented the scale used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes?
A. Charles Richter
B. Hiram Walker
C. Giuseppe Mercalli
D. Joshua Rumble
7. What Galileo invented?
A. Barometer
B. Pendulum clock
C. Microscope
D. Thermometer
8.This statesman, politican, scholar, inventor, and one of early presidents of USA invented the swivel chair, the spherical sundial, the moldboard plow, and the cipher wheel.
A. George Washington
B. Alexander Hamilton
C. John Adams
D. Thomas Jefferson
9.What James Watt invented?
A. Diving bell
B. Steam boat
C. Hot air balloon
D. Rotary steam engine
10.Where is the village of Branston, after which the famous pickle is named?
A. Yorkshire B. Lancashire
C. Staffordshire D.Norfolk
11.Who invented Jet Engine?
A. Sir Frank Whittle
B. Gottlieb Daimler
C. Roger Bacon
D. Lewis E. Waterman
12. What invention caused many deaths while testing it?
A. Dynamite
B. Ladders
C. Race cars
D. Parachute
13.Who invented Gunpowder?
A. G. Ferdinand Von Zeppelin
B. Sir Frank Whittle
C. Roger Bacon
D. Leo H Baekeland
14.Until Victorian times, chocolate was thought of as a drink. When did the first chocolate bar appear?
A. 1828 B. 1831
C. 1825 D. There is no sure date
15.In which decade was the telephone invented?тШО
A. 1850s B. 1860s
C. 1870s D. 1880s
16.Who perfected GENETIC ENGINEERING?
A. Cohen & Boyer
B. Hunt & Davids
C. Sinclair & Roberts
D. Jaysson & Simons
17.What now-ubiquitous device was invented by Zenith engineer Eugene Polley in 1955?
A. Microwave oven
B. Remote control
C. VCR
D. Calculator
18. What Benjamin Franklin invented?
A. Bifocal spectacles
B. Radio
C. Barometer
D. Hygrometer
19.This part-time race car driver invented the bucket seat in 1969. Who was he??
A. Steve McQueen
B. Harrison Frazier
C. Paul Newman
D. John Wayne
20.What plaything was invented by Joe McVicker in 1956?
A. Silly Putty
B. Etch-A-Sketch
C. Lite-Brite
D. Play-Doh
Answers:
-------------
1.A
2.A
3.A
4.D
5.A
6.A
7.D
8.D
9.D
10.C
11.A
12.D
13.C
14.D
15.C
16.A
17.B
18.A
19.A
20.D я┐╜я┐╜
[09:16, 8/6/2015] Nitun Singh: Important File Extension List :
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
Text Files
.log :: Log File
.wpd :: WordPerfect Document
.odt :: OpenDocument Text Document
.pages :: Pages Document
.doc :: Microsoft Word Document
.docx :: Microsoft Word Open XML Document
.tex :: LaTeX Source Document
.wps :: Microsoft Works Word Processor
Document
.msg :: Outlook Mail Message
.rtf :: Rich Text Format File
.txt :: Plain Text File
Data Files
.vcf :: vCard File
.dat :: Data File
.pptx :: PowerPoint Open XML Presentation
.sdf :: Standard Data File
.tar :: Consolidated Unix File Archive
.csv :: Comma Seperated Values File
.xml :: XML File
.pps :: PowerPoint Slide Show
.ppt :: PowerPoint Presentation
Audio Files
.aif :: Audio Interchange File Format
.mpa :: MPEG-2 Audio File
.ra :: Real Audio File
.iff :: Interchange File Format
.wav :: WAVE Audio File
.wma :: Windows Media Audio File
.mp3 :: MP3 Audio File
Video Files
.avi :: Audio Video Interleave File
.3gp :: 3GPP Multimedia File
.flv :: Flash Video File
.mpg :: MPEG Video File
.vob :: DVD Video Object File
.mp4 :: MPEG-4 Video File
.3g2 :: 3GPP2 Multimedia File
.m4v :: iTunes Video File
.wmv :: Windows Media Video File
3D Image Files
.max :: 3ds Max Scene File
.obj :: Wavefront 3D Object File
.3ds :: 3D Studio Scene
.3dm :: Rhino 3D Model
Raster Image Files
.gif :: Graphical Interchange Format File
.jpg :: JPEG Image
.bmp :: Bitmap Image File
.psd :: Adobe Photoshop Document
.png :: Portable Network Graphic
Spreadsheet Files
.xls :: Excel Spreadsheet
.xlr :: Works Spreadsheet
.xlsx :: Microsoft Excel Open XML Spreadsheet
Database Files
.pdb :: Program Database
.dbf :: Database File
.accdb :: Access 2007 Database File
.db :: Database File
.sql :: Structured Query Language Data File
.mdb :: Microsoft Access Database
Executable Files
.cgi :: Common Gateway Interface Script
.com :: DOS Command File
.vb :: VBScript File
.exe :: Windows Executable File
.jar :: Java Archive File
.bat :: DOS Batch File
Web Files
.cer :: Internet Security Certificate
.css :: Cascading Style Sheet
.html :: Hypertext Markup Language File
.js :: JavaScript File
.jsp :: Java Server Page
.htm :: Hypertext Markup Language File
.asp :: Active Server Page
.php :: PHP Source Code File
.xhtml :: Extensible Hypertext Markup Language File
.rss :: Rich Site Summary
.aspx :: Active Server Page Extended File
Plugin Files
.plugin :: Mac OS X Plug-in
.crx :: Chrome Extension
Developer Files
.cs :: Visual C# Source Code File
.cpp :: C++ Source Code File
.dtd :: Document Type Definition File
.c :: C/C++ Source Code File
.fla :: Adobe Flash Animation
.class :: Java Class File
.java :: Java Source Code File
Backup Files
.tmp :: Temporary File
.bak :: Backup File.
[09:57, 8/6/2015] тАк+91 98505 99414тАм: 1). First Indo-UK Air Exercise Indradhanush was conducted in which year?
d) 2007
Answer: d)
.
2). Which of the following country has recently joined as the member of The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)?
a) Pakistan
Answer: a)
.
3). Bharat Mala project is related to which of the following sectors?
d) Road Network
Answer: d)
.
4). Aadi Perukku festival is celebrated in which of the following state?
b) Tamil Nadu
Answer: b)
.
5). Project Insight is related to which of the following departments?
c) Finance Ministry
Answer: c)
.
6). Indian Government has signed a peace accord with which of the following organization?
d) National Socialist Council of Nagaland
Answer: d)
.
7). World Archery Championship has being held at________.
a) Copenhagen
Answer: a)
.
8). Who among the following has won IndiaтАЩs first-ever individual medal in the World Archery Championship?
b) Rajat Chauhan
Answer: b)
.
9). Who is the winner of Gold Medal at the Special Olympics World Games?
c) Ranveer Singh Saini
Answer: c)
.
10). 2nd Forum for India Pacific Islands Cooperation (FIPIC) will be hosed at________.
c) India
Answer: c)
.
SUCCESS MPSC & BANK... Kalpesh
[11:27, 8/6/2015] Theist: New Appointments in India 2015
тАв National Institution for Transforming India (Niti Aayog) :
Narendra Modi, Chairman
тАв Lok Sabha, Speaker : Mrs. Sumitra Mahajan
тАв Lok Sabha, Secretary-General : T. K. Viswanathan
тАв Rajya Sabha, Chairman : Mohammad Hamid Ansari
тАв Rajya Sabha, Deputy Chairman : P. J. Kurien
тАв Rajya Sabha, Leader of House : Arun Jaitley
тАв Rajya Sabha, Leader of Opposition : Ghulam Nabi Azad
тАв Rajya Sabha, Secretary-General : Shumsher K. Sheriff
тАв National Institution for Transforming India (Niti Aayog) :
Arvind Panagariya, Vice-Chairman
тАв Chief Election Commissioner : Syed Nasim Zaidi
тАв Election Commissioner : Achal Kumar Jyoti
тАв Chief Vigilance Commissioner (CVC) : K. V. Chowdary
тАв Chief Information Commissioner (CIC) : Vijai Sharma
тАв Comptroller and Auditor-General of India : Shashi Kant
Sharma
тАв National Human Right Commission (NHRC) : Justice K. G.
Balakrishnan, Chairperson
тАв Cabinet Secretary : Ajit Kumar Seth
тАв Principal Secretary to Prime Minister : Nripendra Misra
тАв National Commission for Backward Classes : Justice V.
Eshwaraiah, Chairman
тАв National Commission for Protection of Child Rights
(NCPCR) : Ms. Shanta Sinha, Chairperson
тАв National Commission for Scheduled Castes : Dr. P. L.
Punia, Chairman
National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) :
Dr.Rameshwar Oraon, Chairman
тАв Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) : Deepak Gupta,
Chairman
тАв National Commission on Farmers (NCF) : Dr. M. S.
Swaminathan, Chairman
тАв National Security Adviser and Special Adviser to PM
(Internal Security) : Ajit Kumar Doval
тАв National Investigation Agency (NIA) : Sharad Kumar,
Director-General
тАв Railway Board : A. K. Mital, Chairman
тАв Intelligence Bureau (IB) : Dineshwar Sharma, Director
тАв Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) : Anil Kumar Sinha,
Director
тАв Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) : Rajinder Khanna,
Director
тАв National Security Guard (NSG) : Jayanto Narayan
Choudhury, Director General
тАв Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) : Prakash Mishra,
Director-General
тАв Border Security Force (BSF) : Devendra Kumar Pathak,
Director-General
тАв Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) : Arvind Ranjan,
Director-General
тАв Railway Protection Force. (RPF) : P. K. Mehta, Director-
General
тАв Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) : Krishna Chaudhary,
Director-General
тАв Sashastra Seema Bal : B. D. Sharma, Director- General
тАв Indian Coast Guard : Vice-Admiral Anurag G. Thapliyal,
Director-General
тАв Defence Intelligence Agency : Lt. Gen. Avtar Singh,
Director-General
тАв University Grants Commission (UGC) : Prof. Ved Prakash,
Chairman
тАв Defence Research and Development Organisation.
(DRDO) : Dr. S. Christopher, Director-General
тАв Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government : Dr. R.
Chidambaram
тАв Space Commission and ISRO : A. S.Kiran Kumar,
Chairman
Atomic Energy Commission and Secretary, Dept. of Atomic
Energy : Ratan Kumar Sinha, Chairman
тАв National Commission for Minorities : Naseem Ahmad,
Chairperson
тАв Staff Selection Commission (SSC) : Amitava Bhattacharya,
Chairman
тАв Indian Council of Medical Research : Dr. Vishwa Mohan
Katoch, Director-General
тАв India and Census Commissioner : C. Chandramouli,
Registrar-General
тАв Law Commission of India : Justice Ajit Prakash Shah,
Chairman
тАв Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE) : Dr. B. N.
Suresh, President
тАв National Forest Commission : Justice (Retd.) B. N. Kirpal,
Chairman
тАв National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) : T. Nanda
Kumar, Chairperson
тАв Border Roads Organisation : Lt. General AT Parnaik,
Director-General
тАв Reserve Bank of India (RBI) : Dr. Raghuram Rajan,
Governor
тАв Press Council of India : Justice Chandramauli Kumar
Prasad, Chairman
тАв Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC) : Ravindra Pisharody,
Chairman
тАв Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) : R. K. Tewari,
Chairman
тАв Central Board of Excise and Customs : Mrs. J.M. Shanti
Sundharam, Chairman
тАв Competition Commission of India : Ashok Chawla
тАв Central Administrative Tribunal : Justice Syed Rafat Alam,
Chairman
тАв National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC) : R.S.T.
Sai, CMD
тАв Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) : Dinesh K. Sarraf,
CMD
тАв GAIL : B. C. Tripathi, CMD
тАв Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) : S. Behuria, Chairman
тАв Oil India Ltd : Sunil Kumar Srivastava, CMD
тАв Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) : Dr. Satbir
Bedi, Chairperson
тАв Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) : U. K.
Sinha, Chairman
тАв National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
(NABARD) : Dr. Harsh Kumar Bhanwala, Chairman
тАв State Bank of India (SBI) : Smt. Arundhati Bhattacharya,
Chairman
тАв Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) : M. S.
Raghavan, Chairman
тАв Company Law Board : Justice Dilip Raosaheb Deshmukh,
Chairman
тАв IndiaтАЩs Permanent Representative to UN : Ashok Kumar
Mukerji
тАв Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) : S. K. Roy,
Chairman
тАв Central Water Commission : Ashwin Pandya, Chairman
тАв National Commission for Women : Ms. Lalitha
Kumarmangalam, Chairperson
тАв 14th Finance Commission : Dr. Y. V. Reddy, Chairman
тАв National Statistical Commission : Dr. Pronob Sen,
Chairman
тАв Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) : Pahlaj Nihalani,
Chairperson
тАв Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) : Dr. Rakesh Tewari,
Director-General
тАв Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry
(FICCI) : Dr. Jyotsna Suri, President
тАв Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) : Ram Sevak
Sharma, Chairman
тАв Enforcement Directorate : Dr. Rajan Katoch, Director
тАв Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority
(PFRDA) : R. V. Verma, Chairman
тАв Bhabha Atomic Research Centre : Dr. Sekhar Basu,
Director
тАв Indian Olympic Association : N. Ramachandran, President
тАв National Council of Educational Research and Training
(NCERT) : Prof. B.K.Tripathi, Acting Director
тАв Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) : Ajay S. Shriram,
President
тАв Prasar Bharti Board : Dr. A. Surya Prakash , Chairman
тАв Investment Commission : Ratan Tata, Chairman
тАв Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) : Jagmohan
Dalmiya , President
тАв International Cricket Council (ICC) : Mr. Zaheer Abbas,
President
тАв NASSCOM : R. Chandrasekaran, Chairman
тАв National Film Development Corporation (NFDC) : Ramesh
Sippy , Chairman
тАв ChildrenтАЩs Film Society : Mukesh Khanna, Chairman
тАв United News of India : Ravindra Kumar , Chairman
тАв Press Trust of India (PTI) : Mahendra Mohan Gupta ,
Chairman
тАв Indian Newspaper Society (INS) : Kiran B. Vadodaria,
President
тАв The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of
India (ASSOCHAM) : Rana Kapoor, President
[11:36, 8/6/2015] Nitun Singh: тЩитЩитЩитЩитЩитЩитЩи
Today is a significant day in the history of the Internet. Onя┐╜я┐╜ 6 August 1991, exactly twenty four years ago, the World Wide Web became publicly available.
я┐╜я┐╜ British computer scientistя┐╜я┐╜ Tim Berners-Lee is the inventor of the Web.As a CERN employee, Berners-Lee distributed a proposal on 12 March 1989 for what would eventually become the World Wide Web.
я┐╜я┐╜ The initial proposal intended a more effective CERN communication system, but Berners-Lee also realized the concept could be implemented throughout the world.
я┐╜я┐╜ Berners-Lee and Belgian computer scientist Robert Cailliau proposed in 1990 to use hypertext "to link and access information of various kinds as a web of nodes in which the user can browse at will", and Berners-Lee finished the first website in December of that year.
я┐╜я┐╜ The first test was completed around 20 December 1990 and Berners-Lee reported about the project on the newsgroup alt.hypertext on 7 August 1991.
тЩитЩиShared by KF groupтЩитЩи
[18:06, 8/6/2015] Rakesh~я┐╜я┐╜я┐╜я┐╜я┐╜я┐╜: 1). For the first time National Bank of ______ stocks has plunged nearly 30%.
a) Russia
b) Brazil
c) Greece
d) USA
e) None of these
2). Which of the following country has recently joined as the member of The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)?
a) Pakistan
b) Switzerland
c) Ukraine
d) Thailand
e) None of these
3). Bharat Mala project is related to which of the following sectors?
a) Airport Expansion
b) Canal Irrigation Network
c) Railway Network
d) Road Network
e) None of these
4). Aadi Perukku festival is celebrated in which of the following state?
a) Kerala
b) Tamil Nadu
c) Karnataka
d) Andhra Pradesh
e) None of these
5). Project Insight is related to which of the following departments?
a) Vigilance Department
b) Ministry of HRD
c) Finance Ministry
d) RBI
e) None of these
6). Indian Government has signed a peace accord with which of the following organization?
a) LTTE
b) BODO
c) ULFA
d) National Socialist Council of Nagaland
e) None of these
7). World Archery Championship is being held at________.
a) Copenhagen
b) Brussels
c) Uruguay
d) Stockholm
e) None of these
8). Who among the following has won IndiaтАЩs first-ever individual medal in the World Archery Championship?
a) Deepika Kumari
b) Rajat Chauhan
c) Hiten Barua
d) Ashish Manjhi
e) None of these
9). Who is the winner of Gold Medal at the Special Olympics World Games?
a) Ashwin Chinappa
b) Ravikumar Singh
c) Ranveer Singh Saini
d) Kim Jong
e) None of these
10). 2nd Forum for India Pacific Islands Cooperation (FIPIC) will be hosed at________.
a) Indonesia
b) Australia
c) India
d) Singapore
e) None of these
11). India has recently won a patent war against _______ for the use turmeric, pine bark and tea.
a) Pangaea Laboratories
b) Ardana Laboratories
c) Alpharma Laboratories
d) Fabre Laboratories
e) None of these
12). Dipa Karmakar is related to which of the following sports?
a) Badminton
b) Gymnastics
c) Tennis
d) Archery
e) None of these
13). India is hosting the second edition meeting of FIPIC on 21st August. Here FIPIC stands for- Forum for India-__________ Islands Cooperation.
a) Pacific
b) Partnership
c) Performance
d) Protect
e) None of these
14). Lynn Anderson was a famous American ______ has passed away recently.
a) Poet
b) Writer
c) Singer
d) Actor
e) None of these
15). Which of the following country has banned some newspapers as they criticized its nuclear deal?
a) Russia
b) Syria
c) Iraq
d) Iran
e) None of these
Answers..
1). c
2). a
3). d
4). b
5). c
6). d
7). a
8). b
9). c
10). c
11). a
12). b
13). a
14). c
15). d
[18:06, 8/6/2015] Rakesh~я┐╜я┐╜я┐╜я┐╜я┐╜я┐╜: Important organisations and their Heads
Chief Economic Advisor Arvind subramanian
RBI Raghu Ram Rajan
RAW Rajender Khanna
SEBI U.K. Sinha
IBPS Anup sankar Bhattacharya
IRDA T.S.Vijayan
ISRO Kiran Kumar
NABARD Harsh Kumar Bhavanla
NASSCOM BVR Mohan reddy
SSC Amitava Bhattacharyya
TRAI RS Sharma
UGC Ved Prakash
UPSC Deepak Gupta
DRDO S.christopher
FICCI Dr.Jyotsna Suri
ASSOCHAM Rana Kapoor
CBDT Anita Kapoor
CBI Anil kumar sinha
CCI Ashok Chawla
Press Council of India CK prasad
Press Trust of India K N Shanth Kumar
Finance Secretary Rajiv Meharishi
BSF D K Pathak
World Bank Jim Yong Kim
IMF Christane Legarde
WHO Dr. Margrate Chan
WTO Roberto Azevedo
[18:06, 8/6/2015] Rakesh~я┐╜я┐╜я┐╜я┐╜я┐╜я┐╜: Computer Awareness Abbreviations' for IBPS
Ctrl + A Select all contents of the page.
Ctrl + B Bold highlighted selection.
Ctrl + C Copy selected text.
Ctrl + V Paste selected text.
Ctrl + X Cut selected text.
Ctrl + Y Redo the last action performed.
Ctrl + Z Undo last action.
Delete - Delete function.
Shift + F10 key - Displays the Short cut Menu for the selected item
Shift + Delete - Delete the selected item permanently without placing it in the Recycle Bin
F1- key To Display Help
F2 key - Rename the selected item.
F3 key - Search a Folder or a File.
F4 key - Display the Address Bar list in My computer or Windows Explorer
F5key - Update the Active Windows
F6 key - Cycle through the screen elements in a Windows or on the Desktop
F10 key - To activate the Menu Bar in the active program .
Ctrl + A - Select All items.
Ctrl + F4 key - Close the active document.
Ctrl + Esc Key - Displays the Start Menu
Ctrl + Shift + Esc Key - Opens Task Manager
Ctrl + Shift + Esc Key - Opens Task Manager
Ctrl (while dragging Copy the selected item) - copy the selected item
Ctrl + Tab key - Move Forward through the tabs
Ctrl + Shift +Tab key - Move backward through the tabs
Ctrl + Shift (while Create a shortcut (to the selected item)
Ctrl + Right Arrow - Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word
Ctrl + Left Arrow - Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word
Ctrl + Down Arrow - Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph
Ctrl + Right Arrow - Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph
Alt + Enter key - View the properties for the selected items
Alt + Space bar key - Open the Short-cut menu for the active menu
Alt + Tab key - Switch between the open programs
Alt + Esc Key - Cycle through programs in the order they have been opened
Alt+F4 тАУ Close or Quit the Active program
Tab - Move Forward through the options
Shift + Tab Key - Move backward through the options
Enter Key - Perform the Command for the active button or option
Backspace key - Open a Folder one level up, if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open Dialogue Box
End - Displays the bottom of the active window
Home - Displays the Top of the active window
Num Lock + Asterisk (*) sign - Displays all the sub-folders that are under the selected Folder
Num Lock + Plus (+) sign - Displays the content of the selected folder
Num Lock + Minus (-) sign - Collapse the selected folder
Left arrow - Collapse the current selection if it is expanded or selects the present folder
Right Arrow - Displays the current selection if it is collapsed or selects the first sub- folder
Ctrl + E Open the Search bar
Ctrl + F Start the Find option
Ctrl + H Open the History bar
Ctrl + I Open the Favorite bar
Ctrl + L Open the Open Dialogue box
Ctrl + P Open the Print Dialogue box
Ctrl + W Close the current Window
Ctrl + O Adds or removes 6pts of spacing before a paragraph
Ctrl + A Select all contents of the page.
Ctrl + B Bold highlighted selection.
Ctrl + C Copy selected text.
Ctrl + D Open the font preferences window
Ctrl + E Aligns the line or selected text to the center of the screen
Ctrl + I Open find box.
Ctrl + J Italic highlighted selection.
Ctrl + K Insert link
Ctrl + L Aligns the line or elected text to the left of the screen
Ctrl + M Indent the paragraph
Ctrl + P Open the print window.
Ctrl + R Aligns the line or elected text to the right of the screen
Ctrl + T Create a hanging indent
Ctrl + U Underline highlighted selection.
Ctrl + V Paste
Ctrl + X Cut selected text
Ctrl + Y Redo the last action performed.
Ctrl + Z Undo last action.
Ctrl + Shift + L Quickly create a bullet point.
Ctrl + Shift + F Change the font.
Ctrl + Shift + > - Increase selected font +1pts up to 12pt and then increases font+2pts
[19:08, 8/6/2015] Rakesh~я┐╜я┐╜я┐╜я┐╜я┐╜я┐╜: 10 рд╕рд╛рд▓ рдмрд╛рдж рд╕реЛрдиреА рднрд╛рд░рдд рдореЗрдВ рд╢реБрд░реВ рдХрд░реЗрдЧреА рдЯреАрд╡реА рдХреА рдореИрдиреНтАНрдпреБрдлреИрдХреНтАНрдЪрд░рд┐рдВрдЧ:
рдЬрд╛рдкрд╛рди рдХреА рдХрдВрдЬреНтАНрдпреВрдорд░ рдЗрд▓реЗрдХреНтАНрдЯреНрд░реЙрдирд┐тАНрдХ рдХрдВрдкрдиреА рд╕реЛрдиреА рдЬрд▓реНтАНрдж рд╣реА рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рдкреЙрдкреБрд▓рд░ рдЯреАрд╡реА рдмреНрд░рд╛рдВрдб рдмреНрд░рд╛рд╡рд┐тАНрдпрд╛ рдХреА рдореИрдиреНтАНрдпреБрдлреИрдХреНтАНрдЪрд░рд┐рдВрдЧ рднрд╛рд░рдд рдореЗрдВ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдЬрд╛ рд░рд╣реА рд╣реИред рдХрдВрдкрдиреА рдпрд╣ рдХрджрдо рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреЗ рдореЗрдХ рдЗрди рдЗрдВрдбрд┐тАНрдпрд╛ рдкреНрд░реЛрдЧреНрд░рд╛рдо рдХреЛ рджреЗрдЦрддреЗ рд╣реБрдП рдЙрдард╛ рд░рд╣реА рд╣реИред
рдХрдВрдкрдиреА рдиреЗ рдЬрд╛рд░реА рдмрдпрд╛рди рдореЗрдВ рдХрд╣рд╛ рдХрд┐тАН рд╕реЛрдиреА рдЗрдВрдбрд┐тАНрдпрд╛ рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рд╢реНрд░реАрдкрд░реЗрдВрдмрджреВрд░ рдпреВрдирд┐тАНрдЯ рдореЗрдВ рдЯреАрд╡реА рдХреА рдмрдврд╝рддреА рдбрд┐тАНрдорд╛рдВрдб рдХреЛ рдкреВрд░рд╛ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреА рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛ рдмрдирд╛ рд░рд╣реА рд╣реИред рд╕реЛрдиреА рдпрд╣ рдкреНтАНрд▓рд╛рдВрдЯ рдХреЙрдореНтАНрдкрдЯрд┐тАНрд╢рди рдЯреАрдо рдЯреЗрдХреНтАНрдиреЛрд▓реЙрдЬреА (рдЗрдВрдбрд┐тАНрдпрд╛) рдкреНрд░рд╛. рд▓рд┐тАН. (рд╕реАрдЯреАрдЯреАрдЖрдИ) рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рдорд┐тАНрд▓рдХрд░ рдСрдкрд░реЗрдЯ рдХрд░реЗрдЧреА рд╣реИред рд╕реАрдЯреАрдЯреАрдЖрдИ рдлреЙрдХреНтАНрд╕рдХреЛрди рдЧреНрд░реБрдк рдХреА рдПрдХ рдпреВрдирд┐тАНрдЯ рд╣реИред
рдПрдВрдбреНрд░реЙрдпрдб рдФрд░ рдПрд▓рд╕реАрдбреА рд╕реЗ рд╣реЛрдЧреА рд╢реБрд░реБрдЖрдд
рд╕реЛрдиреА рдЯреАрд╡реА рдореИрдиреНтАНрдпреБрдлреИрдХреНтАНрдЪрд░рд┐рдВрдЧ рдХреА рд╢реБрд░реБрдЖрдд рдПрдВрдбреНрд░реЙрдпрд▓ рдФрд░ рдПрд▓рд╕реАрдбреА рдореЙрдбрд▓реНтАНрд╕ рд╕реЗ рдХрд░ рд╕рдХрддреА рд╣реИред рдмреНрд░рд╛рд╡рд┐тАНрдпрд╛ рдХреЛ рднрд╛рд░рдд рдореЗрдВ рдмрдирд╛рдиреЗ рдХрд╛ рдлреИрд╕рд▓рд╛ рдШрд░реЗрд▓реВ рдмрд╛рдЬрд╛рд░ рдмрдврд╝рддреА рдбрд┐тАНрдорд╛рдВрдб рдХреЛ рдкреВрд░рд╛ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐тАНрдП рдХрд┐тАНрдпрд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛ рд╣реИред
рдкреНрд▓рд╛рдВрдЯ рдореЗрдВ рд╕реЛрдиреА рд╢реБрд░реВ рдореЗрдВ 43 рдЗрдВрдЪ рдХреА рдЯреАрд╡реА рдХреЗ рджреЛ рдореЙрдбрд▓ рдмрдирд╛рдиреЗ рдЬрд╛ рд░рд╣реА рд╣реИ, рдЬреЛ рдЧреВрдЧрд▓ рдХреЗ рдПрдВрдбреНрд░реЙрдпрдб рдСрдкрд░реЗрдЯрд┐рдВрдЧ рд╕рд┐рд╕реНрдЯрдо рдкрд░ рдЪрд▓реЗрдЧрд╛ред рдХрдВрдкрдиреА рдкреНрд░реЛрдбрдХреНрд╢рди рд▓рд╛рдЗрди рдХрд╛ рд╡рд┐рд╕реНрддрд╛рд░ рдХрд░рддреЗ рд╣реБрдП рдЬрд▓реНрдж 22-43 рдЗрдВрдЪ рд╕реНрдХреНрд░реАрди рд╡рд╛рд▓реЗ рдЯреЗрд▓реАрд╡рд┐рдЬрди рдХреЛ рднреА рдЗрд╕рдХреЗ рджрд╛рдпрд░реЗ рдореЗрдВ рд▓рд╛рдПрдЧреАред
рдХрд░реАрдм рдПрдХ рджрд╢рдХ рдмрд╛рдж рд╕реЛрдиреА рдХрд░реЗрдЧреА рдореЗрдХ рдЗрди рдЗрдВрдбрд┐тАНрдпрд╛
рдПрдХ рджрд╢рдХ рд╕реЗ рднреА рдЬреНрдпрд╛рджрд╛ рд╕рдордп рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж рд╕реЛрдиреА рдХреЙрд░рдкреЛрд░реЗрд╢рди рдлрд┐рд░ рд╕реЗ рднрд╛рд░рдд рдореЗрдВ рдореИрдиреНрдпреБрдлреИрдХреНрдЪрд░рд┐рдВрдЧ рд╢реБрд░реВ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдЬрд╛ рд░рд╣реА рд╣реИред рдореАрдбрд┐тАНрдпрд╛ рд░рд┐тАНрдкреЛрд░реНрдЯ рдХреЗ рдореБрддрд╛рдмрд┐тАНрдХ, рд╕реЛрдиреА рдЗрдВрдбрд┐рдпрд╛ рдХреЗ рдореИрдиреЗрдЬрд┐рдВрдЧ рдбрд╛рдпрд░реЗрдХреНрдЯрд░ рдХреЗрдирд┐рдЪрд┐рд░реЛ рд╣рд┐рдмреА рдиреЗ рдмрддрд╛рдпрд╛ рдХрд┐ рдХрдВрдкрдиреА рднрд╛рд░рдд рдореЗрдВ рд╕реНрдорд╛рд░реНрдЯрдлреЛрди рдмрдирд╛рдиреЗ рдХрд╛ рд╡рд┐рдХрд▓реНрдк рднреА рдЦрдВрдЧрд╛рд▓ рд░рд╣реА рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рдЕрдкрдирд╛ рдкреНрд▓рд╛рдВрдЯ рд▓рдЧрд╛ рд╕рдХрддреА рд╣реИред
рдореЗрдХ рдЗрди рдЗрдВрдбрд┐тАНрдпрд╛ рдкреЙрд▓рд┐тАНрд╕реА рдХрд╛ рдлрд╛рдпрджрд╛ рдЙрдард╛рдиреЗ рдХреА рдХреЛрд╢рд┐тАНрд╢
рд╣рд┐тАНрдмреА рдХреЗ рдореБрддрд╛рдмрд┐тАНрдХ, рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреА рдореЗрдХ рдЗрди рдЗрдВрдбрд┐рдпрд╛ рдкреЙрд▓рд┐рд╕реА рдФрд░ рд╕реЛрдиреА рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЧреНрд▓реЛрдмрд▓ рд▓реЗрд╡рд▓ рдкрд░ рднрд╛рд░рдд рдХреА рдмрдврд╝рддреА рдЕрд╣рдорд┐рдпрдд рд╕реЗ рд╣рдордиреЗ рдПрдХ рдмрд╛рд░ рдлрд┐рд░ рдпрд╣рд╛рдВ рдореИрдиреНрдпреБрдлреИрдХреНрдЪрд░рд┐рдВрдЧ рд╢реБрд░реВ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХрд╛ рдлреИрд╕рд▓рд╛ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рд╣реИред рд▓реЛрдХрд▓ рдкреНрд░реЛрдбрдХреНрд╢рди рд╕реЗ рд╣рдореЗрдВ рдХреЙрд╕реНрдЯ рдХрдо рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдореЗрдВ рдорджрдж рдорд┐рд▓реЗрдЧреА, рдЬрд┐рд╕рд╕реЗ рд╣рдо рджреВрд╕рд░реА рдХрдВрдкрдирд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХрд╛ рджрд╛рдо рдХреЗ рдорд╛рдорд▓реЗ рдореЗрдВ рдореБрдХрд╛рдмрд▓рд╛ рдХрд░ рдкрд╛рдПрдВрдЧреЗред
рд╕реЛрдиреА рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЕрдореЗрд░рд┐рдХрд╛, рдЪреАрди рдФрд░ рдЬрд╛рдкрд╛рди рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж рднрд╛рд░рдд рдЪреМрдерд╛ рдмрдбрд╝рд╛ рдорд╛рд░реНрдХреЗрдЯ рд╣реИред рдлрд╛рдЗрдиреЗрдВрд╢рд┐рдпрд▓ рдИрдпрд░ 2014-15 рдореЗрдВ рд╕реЛрдиреА рдЗрдВрдбрд┐рдпрд╛ рдХреА рд╕реЗрд▓реНрд╕ 10,600 рдХрд░реЛрдбрд╝ рд░реБрдкрдП рд░рд╣реА рдФрд░ рдЗрд╕рдХреЗ рд░реЗрд╡реЗрдиреНрдпреВ рдореЗрдВ рдЯреЗрд▓реАрд╡рд┐рдЬрди рдФрд░ рд╕реНрдорд╛рд░реНрдЯрдлреЛрди рдХреА рд╣рд┐рд╕реНрд╕реЗрджрд╛рд░реА 40-40 рдлреАрд╕рджреА рд░рд╣реАред
рдореМрджреНрд░рд┐рдХ рдиреАрддрд┐ рд╕рдореАрдХреНрд╖рд╛ рдореЗрдВ рдиреАрддрд┐рдЧрдд рджрд░реЗрдВ рд░рд╣реА рдЕрдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд░реНрддрд┐рдд:
рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рд░рд┐рдЬрд░реНрд╡ рдмреИрдВрдХ(рдЖрд░рдмреАрдЖрдИ) рдХреА рдореМрджреНрд░рд┐рдХ рдиреАрддрд┐ рдХреА рддреАрд╕рд░реА рд╕рдореАрдХреНрд╖рд╛ рдореЗрдВ рдЖрд░рдмреАрдЖрдИ рдиреЗ рдЖрд░рдмреАрдЖрдИ рдиреЗ рдиреАрддрд┐рдЧрдд рджрд░реЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдЕрдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд░реНрддрд┐рдд рд░рдЦрд╛ рд╣реИред рдЖрд░рдмреАрдЖрдИ рдиреЗ рд░реАрдкреЛ рджрд░ рдХреЛ 7.25 рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рд╢рдд рдФрд░ рдирдХрджреА рдЖрд░рдХреНрд╖рд┐рдд рдЕрдиреБрдкрд╛рдд (рд╕реАрдЖрд░рдЖрд░) рдЪрд╛рд░ рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рд╢рдд рдкрд░ рдЕрдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд░реНрддрд┐рдд рд░рдЦрд╛ред
рд╣рд╛рд▓рд╛рдВрдХрд┐ рдмреИрдВрдХ рдкрд░ рджрд░реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ, рдХрдЯреМрддреА рдХрд╛ рджрдмрд╛рд╡ рдмрдврд╝ рд░рд╣рд╛ рдерд╛ рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рдХреБрдЫ рд╡рд┐рд╢реЗрд╖рдЬреНрдЮреЛрдВ рдХреА рдпрд╣ рднреА рдорд╛рдирдирд╛ рдерд╛ рдХрд┐ рдЦреБрджрд░рд╛ рдореБрджреНрд░рд╛рд╕реНрдлреАрддрд┐ рдХреЗ рдЪрд▓рддреЗ рдмреИрдВрдХ рдРрд╕рд╛ рди рдХрд░реЗрдВред
рдЖрд░рдмреАрдЖрдИ рдиреЗ рдХрд╣рд╛ рдХрд┐ рдЖрд░реНрдерд┐рдХ рд╕реНрдерд┐рддрд┐ рдореЗрдВ рд╕реБрдзрд╛рд░ рдХреА рдкреНрд░рдХреНрд░рд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рд░реА рд╣реИ рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рдЦрд╛рджреНрдп рдФрд░ рдИрдВрдзрди рдХреЛ рдЫреЛрдбрд╝, рдЕрдиреНрдп рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдореБрджреНрд░рд╛рд╕реНрдлреАрддрд┐ рдХрд╛ рдмрдврдйрд╛ рд╕рдмрд╕реЗ рдЪрд┐рдВрддрд╛рдЬрдирдХ рд╣реИред рд╕рд╛рде рд╣реА рдмреИрдВрдХ рдиреЗ рд╡рд░реНрд╖ 2015-16 рдореЗрдВ 7.6 рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рд╢рдд рд╡реГрджреНрдзрд┐ рдХрд╛ рдЕрдиреБрдорд╛рди рдмрд░рдХрд░рд╛рд░ рд░рдЦрд╛ рд╣реИред
рдЖрд░рдмреАрдЖрдИ рди рдХрд╣рд╛ рдХрд┐ рдмреИрдВрдХреЛрдВ рдиреЗ рдЬрдирд╡рд░реА рд╕реЗ рдЕрдм рддрдХ рдХрд░реНрдЬ рдкрд░ рдмреНрдпрд╛рдЬ рджрд░реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ 0.3 рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рд╢рдд рдХреА рдХрдореА рдХреА рд╣реИ рдЬрдмрдХрд┐ рдЗрд╕реА рджреМрд░рд╛рди рдиреАрддрд┐рдЧрдд рдмреНрдпрд╛рдЬ рджрд░ рдореЗрдВ 0.75 рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рд╢рдд рдХреА рдХрдЯреМрддреА рдХреА рдЧрдИ рд╣реИред
рд╡рд╣реАрдВ рд╕рд╛рд░реНрд╡рдЬрдирд┐рдХ рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░ рдХреЗ рдмреИрдВрдХреЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░реА рдкреВрдВрдЬреА рдЖрдиреЗ рд╕реЗ рдЛрдг рдХрд╛ рдХрд╛рд░реЛрдмрд╛рд░ рдмрдврд╝реЗрдЧрд╛ рдФрд░ рдмреНрдпрд╛рдЬ рджрд░реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдХрдЯреМрддреА рдХрд╛ рд╕рд┐рд▓рд╕рд┐рд▓рд╛ рдЖрдЧреЗ рдмрдвреЗрдЧрд╛ рд╕рд╛рде рд╣реА рдирдХрджреА рдХреА рд╕реНрдерд┐рддрд┐ рдмреЗрд╣рддрд░ рд╣реЛрдЧреА.
рджреАрдкрд╛ рдХрд░реНрдорд╛рдХрд░ рдиреЗ рд╡реЙрд▓реНрдЯ рд╕реНрдкрд░реНрдзрд╛ рдореЗрдВ рдЬреАрддрд╛ рдХрд╛рдВрд╕реНрдп рдкрджрдХ:
рднрд╛рд░рдд рдХреА рдЬрд┐рдордирд╛рд╕реНрдЯ рджреАрдкрд╛ рдХрд░рдорд╛рдХрд░ рдиреЗ рдЫрдареА рд╕реАрдирд┐рдпрд░ рдПрдЖрд░рдЯреА рдПрд╢рд┐рдпрд╛рдИ рдЬрд┐рдордирд╛рд╕реНрдЯрд┐рдХ рдЪреИрдВрдкрд┐рдпрдирд╢рд┐рдк рдХреА рдорд╣рд┐рд▓рд╛ рд╡реЙрд▓реНрдЯ рд╕реНрдкрд░реНрдзрд╛ рдореЗрдВ рдХрд╛рдВрд╕реНрдп рдкрджрдХ рдЬреАрддрд╛ рд╣реИред
рдкрд┐рдЫрд▓реЗ рд╕рд╛рд▓ рдЧреНрд▓рд╛рд╕рдЧреЛ рдореЗрдВ рд╣реБрдП рдХреЙрдордирд╡реЗрд▓реНрде рдЧреЗрдореНрд╕ рдореЗрдВ рднреА рджреАрдкрд╛ рдиреЗ 14.725 рдЕрдВрдХ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рдХрд╛рдВрд╕реНрдп рдкрджрдХ рдЬреАрддрд╛ рдерд╛ред рдЬрд╛рдкрд╛рди рдХреЗ рд╣реАрд░реЛрд╢рд┐рдорд╛ рдореЗрдВ рдЪрд▓ рд░рд╣реЗ рдПрд╢рд┐рдпрд╛рдИ рдЪреИрдВрдкрд┐рдпрдирд╢рд┐рдк рдореЗрдВ рдкрд┐рдЫрд▓реА рдмрд╛рд░ рдХреА рдЪреИрдВрдкрд┐рдпрди рдЪреАрди рдХреА рдпрд╛рди рд╡рд╛рдВрдЧ рдиреЗ 14.988 рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рдЧреЛрд▓реНрдб рдореЗрдбрд▓ рдЬреАрддрд╛ред
рдЬрд╛рдкрд╛рди рдХреА рд╕реЗрдИ рдорд┐рдпрд╛рдХрд╛рд╡рд╛ 14.812 рдЕрдВрдХ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рджреВрд╕рд░реЗ рд╕реНрдерд╛рди рдкрд░ рд░рд╣реАрдВред
22 рд╕рд╛рд▓ рдХреА рджреАрдкрд╛ рдиреЗ рдЗрд╕реА рд╕рд╛рд▓ рдлрд░рд╡рд░реА рдореЗрдВ рд╣реБрдП 35рд╡реЗрдВ рдиреЗрд╢рдирд▓ рдЧреЗрдореНрд╕ рдореЗрдВ рддреНрд░рд┐рдкреБрд░рд╛ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдкрд╛рдВрдЪ рдЧреЛрд▓реНрдб рдореЗрдбрд▓ рдЬреАрддреЗ рдереЗред 2014 рдореЗрдВ рдПрд╢рд┐рдпрд╛рдИ рдЦреЗрд▓реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдХрд░реНрдорд╛рдХрд░ рд╡реЙрд▓реНрдЯ рд╕реНрдкрд░реНрдзрд╛ рдореЗрдВ рдЪреМрдереЗ рд╕реНрдерд╛рди рдкрд░ рд░рд╣реА рдереАрдВред
рд╕рдВрдпреБрдХреНрдд рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░ рдиреЗ рддрдп рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рд╡рд┐рдХрд╛рд╕ рдХрд╛ рдПрдЬреЗрдВрдбрд╛:
рд╕рдВрдпреБрдХреНрдд рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░ (рдпреВрдПрди) рдХреЗ 193 рд╕рджрд╕реНрдп рджреЗрд╢ рд╕рддрдд рд╡рд┐рдХрд╛рд╕ рдХреЗ рдЕрдЧрд▓реЗ 15 рд╕рд╛рд▓ рдХреЗ рдПрдЬреЗрдВрдбреЗ рдкрд░ рд╕рд╣рдордд рд╣реЛ рдЧрдП рд╣реИрдВред рд╕рд┐рддрдВрдмрд░ рдореЗрдВ рд╣реЛрдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реЗ рдЕрдзрд┐рд╡реЗрд╢рди рдореЗрдВ рдЗрд╕реЗ рдФрдкрдЪрд╛рд░рд┐рдХ рд░реВрдк рд╕реЗ рд╕реНрд╡реАрдХрд╛рд░ рдХрд░ рд▓рд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рдПрдЧрд╛ред
рдЗрд╕рдХреЗ рддрд╣рдд рдЧрд░реАрдмреА рдЙрдиреНрдореВрд▓рди, рд╢рд┐рдХреНрд╖рд╛ рдХреА рдЧреБрдгрд╡рддреНрддрд╛ рдФрд░ рдКрд░реНрдЬрд╛ рдкреНрд░рдмрдВрдзрди рд╣реЗрддреБ 169 рд╡рд┐рд╢рд┐рд╖реНрдЯ рд▓рдХреНрд╖реНрдпреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде 17 рд▓рдХреНрд╖реНрдпреЛрдВ рдХреА рд░реВрдкрд░реЗрдЦрд╛ рдХреА рд░реВрдкрд░реЗрдЦрд╛ рддрдп рдХреА рдЧрдИ. рдЗрд╕ рд╕рдордЭреМрддреЗ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде, рдХрд╣рд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рджрд╕реНрддрд╛рд╡реЗрдЬрд╝ "рдЯреНрд░рд╛рдВрд╕рдлреЙрд░реНрдорд┐рдВрдЧ рдЕрд╡рд░ рд╡рд░реНрд▓реНрдб: рдж 2030 рдПрдЬреЗрдВрдбрд╛ рдлреЙрд░ рд╕рд╕реНрдЯреЗрдиреЗрдмрд▓ рдбреЗрд╡рд▓реЗрдкрдореЗрдВрдЯтАЭ рд╕рд┐рддрдВрдмрд░ 2015 рдореЗрдВ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡ рдХреЗ рдиреЗрддрд╛рдУрдВ рдХреА рд╡рд╛рд░реНрд╖рд┐рдХ рдмреИрдардХ рд╕реЗ рдкрд╣рд▓реЗ рд╕рдВрдпреБрдХреНрдд рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░ рд╢рд┐рдЦрд░ рд╕рдореНрдореЗрд▓рди рдореЗрдВ рдЕрдкрдирд╛рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рдПрдЧрд╛. рдпрд╣ рд╢рд┐рдЦрд░ рд╕рдореНрдореЗрд▓рди 25-27 рд╕рд┐рддрдВрдмрд░ 2015 рдХреЗ рдмреАрдЪ рдиреНрдпреВрдпреЙрд░реНрдХ рд╕реНрдерд┐рдд рд╕рдВрдпреБрдХреНрдд рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░ рдореБрдЦреНрдпрд╛рд▓рдп рдореЗрдВ рдЖрдпреЛрдЬрд┐рдд рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рдПрдЧрд╛.
рдпрд╣ рдирдП 17 рдЧреИрд░ рдмрд╛рдзреНрдпрдХрд╛рд░реА рд▓рдХреНрд╖реНрдп 15 рд╡рд░реНрд╖ рдкрд╣рд▓реЗ рджреБрдирд┐рдпрд╛ рдХреЗ рдиреЗрддрд╛рдУрдВ рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рдЕрдкрдирд╛рдП рдЧрдП рдЖрда рд╕рд╣рд╕реНрд░рд╛рдмреНрджрд┐ рд╡рд┐рдХрд╛рд╕ рд▓рдХреНрд╖реНрдпреЛрдВ рдХрд╛ рд╕реНрдерд╛рди рд▓реЗрдВрдЧреЗ.
рдЗрд╕рд╕реЗ рдкрд╣рд▓реЗ рд╕рд╣рд╕реНрд░рд╛рдмреНрджреА рд╡рд┐рдХрд╛рд╕ рд▓рдХреНрд╖реНрдпреЛрдВ рдкрд░ рдЕрдкрдиреА рдЕрдВрддрд┐рдо рд░рд┐рдкреЛрд░реНрдЯ рдореЗрдВ рдмрд╛рди рдХреА рдореВрди рдиреЗ рдХрд╣рд╛ рдХрд┐ рдЗрди рдкреНрд░рдпрд╛рд╕реЛрдВ рд╕реЗ рдЕрдм рддрдХ 1 рдЕрд░рдм рд╕реЗ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рд▓реЛрдЧреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдкрд┐рдЫрд▓реЗ 15 рд╡рд░реНрд╖реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдЧрд░реАрдмреА рд╕реЗ рдмрд╛рд╣рд░ рдирд┐рдХрд╛рд▓рдиреЗ рдореЗрдВ рдорджрдж рдорд┐рд▓реА рд╣реИ. рдЗрд╕рдХреЗ рдЕрд▓рд╛рд╡рд╛ рдкрд╣рд▓реЗ рдХреА рддреБрд▓рдирд╛ рдореЗрдВ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рд▓рдбрд╝рдХрд┐рдпрд╛рдВ рд╕реНрдХреВрд▓ рдЬрд╛рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рдЧреА рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рдПрдЪрдЖрдИрд╡реА / рдПрдбреНрд╕ рдЬреИрд╕реЗ рд░реЛрдЧреЛрдВ рд╕реЗ рд▓рдбрд╝рдиреЗ рдореЗрдВ рдЕрднреВрддрдкреВрд░реНрд╡ рдкрд░рд┐рдгрд╛рдо рд╕рд╛рдордиреЗ рдЖрдП рд╣реИрдВ.
рдорд░рд╛рдареАрднрд╛рд╖реА: рд╣рд┐рдиреНрджреАрд░рддреНрди рд╕рдореНрдорд╛рди:рд╢реНрд░реА рд░рдВрдЧрдирд╛рде рд░рд╛рдорджрдпрд╛рд▓ рддрд┐рд╡рд╛рд░реА:
рд░рд╛рдЬрд░реНрд╖рд┐ рдкреБрд░реБрд╖реЛрддреНрддрдорджрд╛рд╕ рдЯрдВрдбрди рдХреА 134 рд╡реАрдВ рдЬрдпрдВрддреА рдХреЗ рдЕрд╡рд╕рд░ рдкрд░ рдкреНрд░рдЦреНрдпрд╛рдд рдкрддреНрд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдкрдВрдбрд┐рдд рднреАрдорд╕реЗрди рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд▓рдВрдХрд╛рд░ рдХреА рд╕реНрдореГрддрд┐ рдореЗрдВ рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рд╡рд░реНрд╖ рд╣рд┐рдиреНрджреА рднрд╡рди рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рджрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓рд╛ тАШрд╣рд┐рдиреНрджреАрд░рддреНрди рд╕рдореНрдорд╛рдитАЩ рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░рднрд╛рд╖рд╛ рд╣рд┐рдиреНрджреА рдХреЗ рдкреНрд░рдмрд▓ рдкрдХреНрд╖рдзрд░, рдЕрдиреЗрдХ рднрд╛рд╖рд╛рдУрдВ рдХреЗ рд╡рд┐рджреНрд╡рд╛рди, рд╡рд░рд┐рд╖реНрда рд▓реЗрдЦрдХ рд╢реНрд░реА рд░рдВрдЧрдирд╛рде рд░рд╛рдорджрдпрд╛рд▓ рддрд┐рд╡рд╛рд░реА рдХреЛ рд╣рд┐рдиреНрджреА рднрд╡рди рд╕рднрд╛рдЧрд╛рд░ рдореЗрдВ рдЖрдпреЛрдЬрд┐рдд рдПрдХ рднрд╡реНрдп рд╕рдорд╛рд░реЛрд╣ рдореЗрдВ рдкреНрд░рджрд╛рди рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛ред
рдпрд╣ рд╕рдореНрдорд╛рди рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЗрдВ рдореВрд░реНрдзрдиреНрдп рд╕рд╛рд╣рд┐рддреНрдпрдХрд╛рд░ рдПрд╡рдВ рд╕рдорд╛рд▓реЛрдЪрдХ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡рдирд╛рде рддреНрд░рд┐рдкрд╛рдареА, рдирд╛рдЯрдХрдХрд╛рд░ рдПрд╡рдВ рд╕рдореАрдХреНрд╖рдХ рдирд░реЗрдиреНрджреНрд░ рдореЛрд╣рди, рд╕реБрдкрд░рд┐рдЪрд┐рдд рд╕рд╛рд╣рд┐рддреНрдпрдХрд╛рд░ рдмрд▓рджреЗрд╡ рд╡рдВрд╢реА, рд╣рд┐рдиреНрджреА рднрд╡рди рдХреЗ рдЕрдзреНрдпрдХреНрд╖ рддреНрд░рд┐рд▓реЛрдХреАрдирд╛рде рдЪрддреБрд░реНрд╡реЗрджреА рддрдерд╛ рд╣рд┐рдиреНрджреА рднрд╡рди рдХреА рдиреНрдпрд╛рд╕реА рд╕реБрд╢реНрд░реА рдирд┐рдзрд┐ рдЧреБрдкреНрддрд╛ рдиреЗ рдХреНрд░рдорд╢ рднреЗрдВрдЯ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ред
рд╕рдореНрдорд╛рди рд╕реНрд╡рд░реВрдк рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЗрдВ рд░рдЬрдд рд╢реНрд░реАрдлрд▓, рд╢рд╛реЕрд▓, рд╕рд░рд╕реНрд╡рддреА рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рдорд╛, рдкреНрд░рд╢рд╕реНрддрд┐ рдкрддреНрд░ рдПрд╡рдВ рдПрдХ рд▓рд╛рдЦ рд░реБрдкрдпреЗ рдХреА рд░рд╛рд╢рд┐ рдкреНрд░рджрд╛рди рдХреА рдЧрдИред рд╣рд┐рдиреНрджреАрд░рддреНрди рд╕рдореНрдорд╛рди рдкрд╛рдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реЗ рд╢реНрд░реА рд░рдВрдЧрдирд╛рде рд░рд╛рдорджрдпрд╛рд▓ рддрд┐рд╡рд╛рд░реА 18 рд╡реЗрдВ рдЕрд╣рд┐рдиреНрджреАрднрд╛рд╖реА рд░рдЪрдирд╛рдХрд╛рд░ рд╣реИрдВред
рд░реЛрд▓рд╛рдгреНрдб рдлреЛрд▓реНрдЧрд░ рдорд░реНрд╕рд┐рдбреАрдЬ рдмреЗрдВрдЬ рдЗрдВрдбрд┐рдпрд╛ рдХреЗ рдкреНрд░рдмрдВрдз рдирд┐рджреЗрд╢рдХ рдирд┐рдпреБрдХреНрдд рдХрд┐рдП рдЧрдП:
рд░реЛрд▓рд╛рдгреНрдб рдПрд╕ рдлреЛрд▓реНрдЧрд░ рдХреЛ 3 рдЕрдЧрд╕реНрдд 2015 рдХреЛ рдорд░реНрд╕рд┐рдбреАрдЬ рдмреЗрдВрдЬ рдЗрдВрдбрд┐рдпрд╛ рдХреЗ рдирдП рдкреНрд░рдмрдВрдз рдирд┐рджреЗрд╢рдХ рдФрд░ рдореБрдЦреНрдп рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрдХрд╛рд░реА рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░реА рдХреЗ рд░реВрдк рдореЗрдВ рдирд┐рдпреБрдХреНрдд рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛ рд╣реИ.
рд╡рд╣ рдПрдмрд░рд╣рд╛рд░реНрдб рдХреЗрд░реНрди рдХрд╛ рд╕реНрдерд╛рди рд▓реЗрдВрдЧреЗ рдЬреЛ рдЕрдм рдпреВрд░реЛрдк рдореЗрдВ рдХрдВрдкрдиреА рдХреЗ рдкрд░рд┐рдЪрд╛рд▓рди рдХрд░реЗрдВрдЧреЗ. рдПрдмрд░рд╣рд╛рд░реНрдб рдХреЗрд░реНрди рдиреЗ рд╡рд░реНрд╖ 2012 рд╕реЗ 2015 рддрдХ рднрд╛рд░рдд рдореЗрдВ рдХрдореНрдкрдиреА рдХрд╛ рд╕рдВрдЪрд╛рд▓рди рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рд╣реИ. рд░реЛрд▓рд╛рдгреНрдб рдПрд╕ рдлреЛрд▓реНрдЧрд░ 1 рдЕрдХреНрдЯреВрдмрд░ рд╕реЗ рдорд░реНрд╕рд┐рдбреАрдЬ рдмреЗрдВрдЬ рдЗрдВрдбрд┐рдпрд╛ рдХрд╛ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрднрд╛рд░ рд╕рдВрднрд╛рд▓реЗрдВрдЧреЗ рд╡рд╣ рд╡рд░реНрддрдорд╛рди рдореЗрдВ рдорд░реНрд╕рд┐рдбреАрдЬ рдмреЗрдВрдЬ рдорд▓реЗрд╢рд┐рдпрд╛ рдХреЗ рдореМрдЬреВрджрд╛ рдЕрдзреНрдпрдХреНрд╖ рдФрд░ рд╕реАрдИрдУ рд╣реИ,
рд╡рд╣ рддреАрд╕ рд╡рд░реНрд╖реЛрдВ рд╕реЗ рдорд░реНрд╕рд┐рдбреАрдЬ рдмреЗрдВрдЬ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рдЬреБреЬреЗ рд╣реИрдВ. рд╡рд┐рджрд┐рдд рд╣реЛ рдорд░реНрд╕рд┐рдбреАрдЬ рдмреЗрдВрдЬ рдЬрд░реНрдорди рдбреЗрдорд▓рд░ рдПрдЬреА рдХреА рдкреВрд░реНрдг рд╕реНрд╡рд╛рдорд┐рддреНрд╡ рд╡рд╛рд▓реА рд╕рд╣рд╛рдпрдХ рдХрдВрдкрдиреА рд╣реИ. рдЗрд╕рдиреЗ 1994 рдореЗрдВ рднрд╛рд░рдд рдореЗрдВ рдЕрдкрдирд╛ рдкрд░рд┐рдЪрд╛рд▓рди рд╢реБрд░реВ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдерд╛ рдФрд░ рдЗрд╕рдХрд╛ рдореБрдЦреНрдпрд╛рд▓рдп рдкреБрдгреЗ, рдорд╣рд╛рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░ рдореЗрдВ рд╣реИ.
рдЖрдИрдЖрд░рдЯреАрдПрд╕ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░реА рдХреБрдиреНрджрди рд╕рд┐рдиреНрд╣рд╛ рдиреЗ рд░реЗрд▓рд╡реЗ рдмреЛрд░реНрдб рд╕рджрд╕реНрдп рдХреЗ рд░реВрдк рдореЗрдВ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрднрд╛рд░ рд╕рдВрднрд╛рд▓рд╛:
рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рд░реЗрд▓ рдпрд╛рддрд╛рдпрд╛рдд рд╕реЗрд╡рд╛ (рдЖрдИрдЖрд░рдЯреАрдПрд╕) рдХреЗ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░реА рдХреБрдиреНрджрди рд╕рд┐рдиреНрд╣рд╛ рдиреЗ 1 рдЕрдЧрд╕реНрдд 2015 рдХреЛ рд░реЗрд▓рд╡реЗ рдмреЛрд░реНрдб рд╕рджрд╕реНрдп рдХреЗ рд░реВрдк рдореЗрдВ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрднрд╛рд░ рд╕рдВрднрд╛рд▓рд╛. рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЗрдВ рд░реЗрд▓рд╡реЗ рдмреЛрд░реНрдб рдХреЗ рд╕рджрд╕реНрдп рдпрд╛рддрд╛рдпрд╛рдд рдХреЗ рдкрдж рдХрд╛ рдЕрддрд┐рд░рд┐рдХреНрдд рдкреНрд░рднрд╛рд░ рджрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛. рдирд┐рд╡рд░реНрддрдорд╛рди рдореЗрдВ рд╡реЗ рд░реЗрд▓рд╡реЗ рдмреЛрд░реНрдб рдореЗрдВ рдЕрддрд┐рд░рд┐рдХреНрдд рд╕рджрд╕реНрдп (рдпрд╛рддрд╛рдпрд╛рдд рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд╣рди) рдкрдж рдкрд░ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрд░рдд рдереЗ.
рдХреБрдиреНрджрди рд╕рд┐рдиреНрд╣рд╛ рд╕реЗ рд╕рдВрдмрдВрдзрд┐рдд рдореБрдЦреНрдп рддрдереНрдп:
рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рд░реЗрд▓ рдпрд╛рддрд╛рдпрд╛рдд рд╕реЗрд╡рд╛ (рдЖрдИрдЖрд░рдЯреАрдПрд╕) рдХреЗ рд╡рд░реНрд╖ 1979 рдмреИрдЪ рдХреЗ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░реА рдХреБрдиреНрджрди рд╕рд┐рдиреНрд╣рд╛ рдиреЗ рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рд░реЗрд▓ рдореЗрдВ рд╡рд┐рднрд┐рдиреНрди рдкрджреЛрдВ рдкрд░ рдХрд╛рдо рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рд╣реИ. рдкреНрд░рд╛рд░рдореНрднрд┐рдХ рддреМрд░ рдкрд░ рдкреВрд░реНрд╡ рд░реЗрд▓рд╡реЗ рдХреЗ рдзрдирдмрд╛рдж, рдЖрд╕рдирд╕реЛрд▓ рдФрд░ рджрд╛рдирд╛рдкреБрд░ рдбрд┐рд╡реАрдЬрдиреЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рд╕реЗрд╡рд╛ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж рд╕рд┐рдиреНрд╣рд╛ рд╡рд░реНрд╖ 1990 рдореЗрдВ рд░реЗрд▓рд╡реЗ рдмреЛрд░реНрдб рдореЗрдВ рдФрд░ 1995 рдореЗрдВ рдХреЗрдиреНрджреНрд░реАрдп рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рдирд┐рдпреБрдХреНрддрд┐ рдкрд░ рд░рд╕рд╛рдпрди рдФрд░ рдЙрд░реНрд╡рд░рдХ рдордВрддреНрд░рд╛рд▓рдп рдореЗрдВ рд╢рд╛рдорд┐рд▓ рд╣реБрдП. рдЗрд╕рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЛрдВрдиреЗ рд░рд╛рдИрдЯреНрд╕ (1998 рд╕реЗ 2000) рдФрд░ рдкреВрд░реНрд╡ рд░реЗрд▓рд╡реЗ (2001-04) рдореЗрдВ рдЕрдиреЗрдХ рдорд╣рддреНрд╡рдкреВрд░реНрдг рдХрд╛рд░реНрдп рдХрд┐рдП рддрдерд╛ рджрдХреНрд╖рд┐рдг-рдкреВрд░реНрд╡ рдордзреНрдп рд░реЗрд▓рд╡реЗ (2007-09) рдореЗрдВ рдбрд┐рд╡реАрдЬрдирд▓ рд░реЗрд▓ рдкреНрд░рдмрдВрдзрдХ, рдмрд┐рд▓рд╛рд╕рдкреБрд░ рдХреЗ рд░реВрдк рдореЗрдВ рдХрд╛рдо рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде-рд╕рд╛рде рджрдХреНрд╖рд┐рдг-рдкреВрд░реНрд╡ рд░реЗрд▓рд╡реЗ (2010-11), рдореБрдЦреНрдп рдСрдкрд░реЗрд╢рди рдкреНрд░рдмрдВрдзрдХ рдХреЗ рд░реВрдк рдореЗрдВ рдФрд░ рд░реЗрд▓рд╡реЗ рдмреЛрд░реНрдб рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрд╛рд▓рдп рдореЗрдВ (2004-06) рдФрд░ рдлрд┐рд░ рд╡рд░реНрд╖ 2012 рд╕реЗ рд░реЗрд▓рд╡реЗ рдмреЛрд░реНрдб рдореЗрдВ рдЕрддрд┐рд░рд┐рдХреНрдд рд╕рджрд╕реНрдп (рдпрд╛рддрд╛рдпрд╛рдд рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд╣рди) рдкрдж рдкрд░ рдХрд╛рдо рдХрд┐рдпрд╛
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